{"id":4435,"date":"2025-01-24T10:50:42","date_gmt":"2025-01-24T09:50:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.irfap.org\/2133re-ea-almendro_21-2024\/"},"modified":"2026-03-03T10:55:18","modified_gmt":"2026-03-03T09:55:18","slug":"2133re-ea-almendro_21-2024","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.irfap.org\/es\/2133re-ea-almendro_21-2024\/","title":{"rendered":"2133RE – EA Almendro_21-2024"},"content":{"rendered":"
[vc_row css_animation=”fadeInUp” css=”.vc_custom_1733748914439{margin-bottom: 20px !important;}”][vc_column]
\"\"<\/div><\/figure>[vc_column_text css=”.vc_custom_1771573207410{margin-top: 50px !important;margin-bottom: 50px !important;}”]\n

EL CULTIVO DEL ALMENDRO<\/h1>\n[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text css=”.vc_custom_1770376345379{margin-top: 50px !important;margin-bottom: 50px !important;}”]\n

Evaluaci\u00f3n de la respuesta fisiol\u00f3gica al estr\u00e9s h\u00eddrico de diferentes variedades cultivadas de almendro en un cultivo intensivo<\/strong><\/h2>\n[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text css=”.vc_custom_1771573883906{margin-top: 50px !important;margin-bottom: 15px !important;}” el_id=”#bgib”]\n

Antecedentes<\/strong><\/h3>\n[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text css=”.vc_custom_1741774283270{margin-bottom: 15px !important;}”]Uno de los compromisos del Plan de reestructuraci\u00f3n de los frutos secos en las Islas Baleares 2021-2027, aprobado el 21 de octubre de 2021, y que el Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n y Formaci\u00f3n Agroalimentaria y Pesquera de las Islas Baleares lleva a cabo, es desarrollar actuaciones en materia de la investigaci\u00f3n y experimentaci\u00f3n de frutos secos.. En concreto, la medida definida en el punto IB3.11\/A11 Adaptaci\u00f3n de nuevas variedades no comerciales productivas de almendro de floraci\u00f3n tard\u00eda obtenidas en programas de mejora varietal de diferentes centros de investigaci\u00f3n (IRTA, CEBAS-CSIC, CITA y INRA).(IRTA, CEBAS-CSIC, CITA i INRA)<\/em>.<\/p>\n

En los estatutos del IRFAP se incluyen como objeto de la entidad las competencias de \u201cPromover, coordinar, planificar, desarrollar y evaluar programas de investigaci\u00f3n y desarrollo, de innovaci\u00f3n, de digitalizaci\u00f3n y de experimentaci\u00f3n en materia de agricultura, ganader\u00eda, pesca y alimentaci\u00f3n<\/em>\u201d (Decreto 05\/2021, de 15 de febrero y Decreto 37\/2022, de 29 de agosto).<\/p>\n

A partir de aqu\u00ed, el Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Agroalimentaria y Pesquera de las Islas Baleares (IRFAP) ha arrancado esta experiencia con el objeto de evaluar la respuesta fisiol\u00f3gica de diferentes cultivares de almendro en condiciones de estr\u00e9s h\u00eddrico en Mallorca, con el fin de obtener datos fiables de 3 campa\u00f1as y poder difundir los resultados al sector.[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text css=”.vc_custom_1771573889409{margin-top: 50px !important;margin-bottom: 15px !important;}”]\n

Objetivos y justificaci\u00f3n<\/strong><\/h3>\n[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text css=”.vc_custom_1737717508937{margin-bottom: 15px !important;}”]Este proyecto persigue como objetivo principal estudiar y analizar cu\u00e1l es la respuesta fisiol\u00f3gica de diferentes cultivares de almendro en condiciones de estr\u00e9s h\u00eddrico en Mallorca, bajo un modelo de cultivo convencional tecnificado e intensivo.<\/p>\n

A partir de aqu\u00ed, se pretenden alcanzar tambi\u00e9n los siguientes objetivos espec\u00edficos:<\/p>\n

    \n
  • Evaluar la capacidad de adaptaci\u00f3n de cada una de los cultivares de almendro frente a condiciones de estr\u00e9s h\u00eddrico.<\/li>\n
  • Generar indicadores que permitan tomar decisiones frente a condiciones de estr\u00e9s h\u00eddrico.<\/li>\n
  • Cuantificar la afectaci\u00f3n sobre la calidad de la almendra de los diferentes cultivares.<\/li>\n
  • Evaluaci\u00f3n de la incidencia de plagas y enfermedades.<\/li>\n
  • Difundir los resultados obtenidos en el sector.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text css=”.vc_custom_1771573894937{margin-top: 50px !important;margin-bottom: 15px !important;}”]\n

    Metodolog\u00eda y dise\u00f1o experimental<\/strong><\/h3>\n[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text css=”.vc_custom_1741774327742{margin-bottom: 15px !important;}”]El campo experimental de almendros se encuentra ubicado en la finca de Sa Granja, sede central del IRFAP, situada en el recinto 61 de la parcela 62003 y del pol\u00edgono 24 del t\u00e9rmino municipal de Palma.[\/vc_column_text]
    \"\"<\/div><\/figure>[vc_column_text css=”.vc_custom_1737718325457{margin-top: 10px !important;margin-bottom: 35px !important;}”]\n

    Figura 1<\/em>. Ubicaci\u00f3n del campo experimental de almendros en Sa Granja.<\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text css=”.vc_custom_1737717658685{margin-bottom: 15px !important;}”]El ensayo recoge un total de 6 cultivares, 3 del CEBAS-CSIC, 2 del CITA y 1 del IRTA, los cuales est\u00e1n en proceso de estudio para registro comercial, de los cuales hay sembrados 3 repeticiones de 4 ejemplares de cada uno.<\/p>\n

    El modelo de explotaci\u00f3n es intensivo, con un marco de plantaci\u00f3n de 6 x 6 m en todos los cultivares, y el manejo se ajusta a los criterios de producci\u00f3n integrada, con riego de apoyo por goteo y autocompensado.[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text css=”.vc_custom_1737718341108{margin-top: 35px !important;margin-bottom: 15px !important;}”]\n

    Tabla 1<\/em>. Par\u00e1metros de an\u00e1lisis de los almendros frente a estr\u00e9s h\u00eddrico<\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row css_animation=”fadeInUp” content_placement=”middle” css=”.vc_custom_1733312278745{margin-bottom: 15px !important;padding-top: 5px !important;padding-right: 5px !important;padding-bottom: 5px !important;padding-left: 5px !important;background-color: #d8d6ce !important;border-radius: 5px !important;}”][vc_column width=”1\/3″][vc_column_text css=””]Bloque <\/strong>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”1\/3″][vc_column_text css=””]Par\u00e1metro
    \n<\/strong>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”1\/3″][vc_column_text css=””]M\u00e9todo de an\u00e1lisis<\/strong>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row css_animation=”fadeInUp” css=”.vc_custom_1731330661758{margin-bottom: 0px !important;border-bottom-width: 1px !important;padding-top: 15px !important;padding-bottom: 15px !important;border-bottom-style: s\u00f2lid !important;border-color: #8c8c8c !important;}” el_class=”table-border-bottom”][vc_column width=”1\/3″][vc_column_text css=””]Producci\u00f3n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”1\/3″][vc_column_text css=””]Producci\u00f3n en masa por pie[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”1\/3″][vc_column_text css=””]Pesado con b\u00e1scula calibrada (unidad, kg)[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row css_animation=”fadeInUp” css=”.vc_custom_1731330661758{margin-bottom: 0px !important;border-bottom-width: 1px !important;padding-top: 15px !important;padding-bottom: 15px !important;border-bottom-style: s\u00f2lid !important;border-color: #8c8c8c !important;}” el_class=”table-border-bottom”][vc_column width=”1\/3″][vc_column_text css=””]Rendimiento[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”1\/3″][vc_column_text css=””]Producci\u00f3n de almendra en masa, por \u00e1rbol y cultivar, sobre producci\u00f3n de grano en masa, por \u00e1rbol y cultivar (%)[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”1\/3″][vc_column_text css=””]Pesado con b\u00e1scula calibrada (unidad, kg)[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row css_animation=”fadeInUp” css=”.vc_custom_1731330661758{margin-bottom: 0px !important;border-bottom-width: 1px !important;padding-top: 15px !important;padding-bottom: 15px !important;border-bottom-style: s\u00f2lid !important;border-color: #8c8c8c !important;}” el_class=”table-border-bottom”][vc_column width=”1\/3″][vc_column_text css=””]Afectaci\u00f3n de plagas y enfermedades[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”1\/3″][vc_column_text css=””]Hojas\/\u00e1rboles afectados por las diferentes enfermedades[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”1\/3″][vc_column_text css=””]An\u00e1lisis visual de afectaci\u00f3n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row css_animation=”fadeInUp” css=”.vc_custom_1731330661758{margin-bottom: 0px !important;border-bottom-width: 1px !important;padding-top: 15px !important;padding-bottom: 15px !important;border-bottom-style: s\u00f2lid !important;border-color: #8c8c8c !important;}” el_class=”table-border-bottom”][vc_column width=”1\/3″][vc_column_text css=””]Estr\u00e9s h\u00eddrico[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”1\/3″][vc_column_text css=””]Clorofilas y carotenos<\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

    Potencial h\u00eddrico
    \nConductancia estom\u00e1tica[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”1\/3″][vc_column_text css=””]SPAD-502 Plus (medida de campo por m\u00e9todo indirecto) y espectrofotometr\u00eda (medida a laboratorio por m\u00e9todo directo)
    \nC\u00e1mara de presi\u00f3n Scholander<\/em>
    \nPor\u00f3metro SC1 Leaf Porometer[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column]

    \"\"<\/div><\/figure>[vc_column_text css=”.vc_custom_1737718259749{margin-top: 10px !important;}”]\n

    Figura 1<\/em>. Medidas de los par\u00e1metros relacionados con el estr\u00e9s h\u00eddrico para evaluar el estado de la planta.<\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row css_animation=”fadeInUp” css=”.vc_custom_1733748914439{margin-bottom: 20px !important;}”][vc_column][vc_column_text css=”.vc_custom_1771573903642{margin-top: 50px !important;margin-bottom: 15px !important;}”]\n

    Resultados esperados<\/strong><\/h3>\n[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text css=”.vc_custom_1737718287561{margin-bottom: 15px !important;}”]Con los resultados de la presente experiencia se persigue llegar a consolidar datos fiables de producci\u00f3n, afectaci\u00f3n de plagas y enfermedades y par\u00e1metros de estr\u00e9s h\u00eddrico de los cultivares estudiados que actualmente no se encuentran recogidas de 3 campa\u00f1as y compararlas con diferentes situaciones de riego.<\/p>\n

    A partir de aqu\u00ed y con los datos obtenidos, se podr\u00e1 transferir esta informaci\u00f3n al sector, seg\u00fan la aptitud de cada uno con los resultados obtenidos.<\/p>\n

    El estudio se ajustar\u00e1 a lo que dispone la normativa aplicable en materia de recursos h\u00eddricos y a las recomendaciones y directrices oportunas por lo que respecta a los m\u00e9todos anal\u00edticos utilizados y a los par\u00e1metros de los resultados esperados.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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